While it is difficult to compare data between studies, there are two loci of interest for the ASPD phenotype found in this American Indian study that were also identified within the same general chromosome locations in previously published linkage analyses of conduct disorder. A location on chromosome 2, found in the present study, was in the general location to regions on chromosome 2 reported previously for CD symptoms phenotypes in the COGA study (Dick et al., 2004) and in the Irish alcohol affected sibpairs study (Kendler et al., 2006). Another locus on chromosome 10 seen in the present study is generally with a region previously identified in a linkage analyses conducted using the Irish affected sibpairs study (Kendler et al., 2006).