The effects of cannabinoid signaling on neuronal population activity and lateral amygdalar circuits in vivo and in vitro have been explored. Azad et al. explored the effects of cannabinoid signaling on EC stimulation-induced local field potentials within the LA. Win 55212-2 reduced field potential amplitudes to 52% of control (Azad et al., 2003). This effect was eliminated by the application of SR141716 (which had no effect on field potential amplitude alone), as well as the Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX), and absent in CB1−/− mice. Furthermore, inhibition of PKA did not affect Win 55212-2-induced reductions in LA field potential amplitude (Azad et al., 2003). These data suggest the AC-PKA pathway does not significantly contribute to the CB1 receptor-mediate reductions in field potential amplitude within the LA.