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Chunk #0 — 1. Introduction

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DSM-IV personality disorders and associations with externalizing and internalizing disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
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The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) has provided extensive information for all 10 DSM-IV PDs in the general population (Grant et al., 2004a, 2004b, 2005b, 2005c; Pulay et al., 2009). Confirmatory 1-factor analyses of symptom criteria for each NESARC PD provided an excellent fit with the data (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99; RMSEA < 0.02) (Harford et al., 2012). Studies using clinical and community samples have examined the underlying structure and organization of DSM-IV PDs, but the findings have been inconsistent; supporting models include 2 to 10 factors (Fossati et al., 2000; Huprich et al., 2010; Nestadt et al., 2006). In a recent analysis with the NESARC, Trull and colleagues (2012) extracted six DSM-IV PD factors (paranoid, avoidant/dependent, antisocial, schizoid, narcissistic, and obsessive-compulsive) and a seventh factor based on symptoms from borderline, schizotypal, and narcissistic PDs. Another NESARC study provided support for the DSM-IV hierarchical model for the PD cluster organization (A, odd/eccentric; B, dramatic/emotional; C, anxious/fearful) in which the 3 lower-order clusters form a higher-order factor (Cox et al., 2012; Jahng et al., 2011),