In addition to CNVR 1p31.1, the other previously reported common CNVR associated with BMI (nominal P-value 0.011) was located on chromosome 10q11.22 which was initially described in an adult Chinese population-based sample (19). In our study, this CNVR [CNVR 10q11.22 (1)] was also among those 20 candidates with evidence for association with obesity in both GWAS discovery samples. In addition, this CNVR is among those three candidates with evidence for association at exactly the same CNV marker (located between 46 478 786 to 46 478 811 bp with a combined P-value = 1.13 × 10−6 in the two GWAS samples). In the case–control GWAS sample, the number of associated CNV markers was relatively large (47 of 161 CNV markers with P ≤ 0.025; Fig. 5). Moreover, CNVR 10q11.22 (1) is among those 6 CNVRs with a minimal one-sided CNV-FBAT P-value ≤ 0.025 in the array-based replication analyses. CNVR 10q11.22 (1) (Table 2) covers four genes: (i) the pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 (PPYR1) was a member of the seven transmembrane domain-G-protein-coupled receptor family and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a potent anti-obesity
