We purchased human U251 and U87 glioma cells and the HEK293T cell line from the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and cultured these cells in DMEM high-glucose medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, USA) added. Normal human astrocytes were purchased from the ScienCell Research Laboratories (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and grown in RPMI 1640 culture medium (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS. Stable 37°C humidified incubators with 5% CO2 were applied to culture the above cells. In this study, five samples in each grades of glioma tissues were applied, and the glioma tissues were classified according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification by neuropathologists. Normal brain tissues and glioma tissues were obtained from patients who signed informed consents while hospitalized in the Department of Neurosurgery of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; moreover, our study was approved by the Ethics Committee of China Medical University. All assays on nude mice were performed strictly according to the protocol approved by the Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care of the Shengjing Hospital.
