Neuroimaging data were drawn from 3 independent studies— the Duke Neurogenetics Study (DNS) (n = 1303) (26), the Human Connectome Project (HCP) (n = 897) (24), and the Teen Alcohol Outcomes Study (TAOS) (n = 223) (25)—that assessed behavioral, experiential, and biological phenotypes among young adult college students (DNS sample), young to middle-aged adults (HCP sample), and children and adolescents (TAOS sample). The DNS and TAOS studies collected longitudinal data on alcohol use subsequent to the baseline scan. The family-based HCP sample is composed of twin and nontwin siblings. All studies followed protocols approved by relevant institutional review boards and remunerated participants. Additional information regarding each sample is provided in Supplement 1.
