offer at least a chance to address some of these limitations and multi-investigator teams with expertise in both animal and human imaging need to be established to help bridge the gap between clinical and preclinical studies. Finally, it is clear that advances in cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology, and psychiatry need to be coordinated with basic science findings in order to spur development of new approaches to treat alcohol-induced alterations in prefrontal cortical function. Recent findings in the fear and post-traumatic stress disorder literature suggest that neural mechanisms of plasticity involved in learning can be used to overcome or reset maladaptive behaviors associated with prior emotional, physical, or chemical alterations in brain function. Applying these concepts and ideas to the treatment of alcoholics and those with alcohol-use disorders may augment the few pharmacological approaches that are currently available for treating these alcohol-related problems.
