Over the course of the 2-year project we held four Working Group meetings. In addition to Working Group members, the first meeting included a number of other NIH-funded researchers working on various aspects of return of IFs and IRRs, to compare approaches. The second meeting was held in Washington, DC, with participation of key researchers and personnel from NIH and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which administers the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA). The third meeting included invited presentations on collected case studies, biobank structure and capacity to return IFs and IRRs, and international comparisons.