Mice were housed four per cage during all experiments. Mice were brought into the restraint room daily and subjected to 1 h of tube restraint in modified 50 ml conical tubes for 1 day or 10 consecutive days (between 9 and 11am). During this time mice were placed in ventilated animal housing cabinet. On termination of the stressor, mice were placed back in their home cage and returned to the animal care facility housing room. Mice were weighed daily before restraint stress. Control mice were left undisturbed in their home cages except for tail marking at the beginning of the experiment and as needed to maintain identifying marks throughout the 10-day protocol. After each stress episode plastic tubes were washed with soap and water, and then rinsed in 70% ethanol.