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Chunk #9 — Current Use and Early Indications of Alcohol Problems

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Behavioral and biological indicators of impulsivity in the development of alcohol use, problems, and disorders.
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Quite a number of studies have assessed measures of impulsivity in relation to habitual alcohol use, often with the goal of identifying early indicators of problem use. For example, Grau & Ortet (1999) examined the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised (EPQ-R) in relation to alcohol consumption rates in a sample of 149 social drinking women. They found that alcohol consumption was positively related to disinhibitory personality traits assessed by the KSP, including sensation seeking (termed “monotony avoidance” and defined as “avoiding routine, need for change and action”) and impulsivity (defined as “acting on the spur of the moment, non-planning”). Kollins (2003) found that steeper discounting in a hypothetical money reward task was related to alcohol-related problems (e.g., passing out) in a sample of social drinking college students. Similarly, Vuchinich & Simpson (1998) demonstrated that heavy social drinkers and problem drinkers showed greater delay discounting than lighter social drinkers and also scored higher on various self-report measures, including the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS; Zuckerman, 1979), the Stanford Time Perspective Inventory (STPI; Zimbardo, 1990), and the