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Chunk #22 — Methods — Estimation process

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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.
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water, and wash station10·3%33·3%35·4%2Air pollution····100·0%100·0%100·0%3Ambient particulate matter pollutionAnnual average daily exposure to outdoor air concentrations of PM2·5Uniform distribution between 2·4 μg/m3 and 5·9 μg/m323·1%56·9%78·0%3Household air pollution from solid fuelsIndividual exposure to PM2·5 due to use of solid cooking fuelsNo households are exposed to excess indoor concentration of particles from solid fuel use (assuming PM2·5 in no fuel use is consistent with a TMREL of 2·4–5·9)72·8%59·5%76·4%3Ambient ozone pollutionSeasonal (3 month) hourly maximum ozone concentrations, measured in ppbUniform distribution between 33·3 μg/m3 and 41·9 μg/m3, according to minimum/5th percent concentrations100·0%100·0%100·0%2Other environmental risks····48·7%26·2%51·8%3Residential radonAverage daily exposure to indoor air radon levels measured in becquerels (radon disintegrations per second) per cubic metre (Bq/m3)10 Bq/m3, corresponding to the outdoor concentration of radon39·0%0·0%39·0%3Lead exposureBlood lead levels in μg/dL of blood, bone lead levels in μg/g of bone2 ug/dL, corresponding to lead levels in pre-industrial humans as natural sources of lead prevent the feasibility of zero exposure37·4%26·2%43·6%2Occupational risks····92·3%90·8%100·0%3Occupational carcinogens····86·7%85·6%92·8%4Occupational exposure to asbestosProportion of the population with cumulative exposure to asbestosNo occupational exposure to asbestos82·6%74·9%87·2%4Occupational exposure to arsenicProportion of the population ever exposed to arsenic at work or through their occupationNo occupational exposure to arsenic82·6%74·9%87·2%4Occupational exposure to benzeneProportion of the population ever exposed to benzene at work or