presumably because of the closer correspondence between the latent phenotype and its biological substrates (Wolf et al., 2010). Furthermore, numerous studies have found a high degree of comorbidity between PTSD and externalizing disorders. There is also evidence for both an externalizing subtype of PTSD (Miller et al., 2004) and a common genetic factor underlying PTSD and externalizing (Wolf et al., 2010). Thus, the primary aim of this study was to examine possible associations between ANK3 SNPs—and in particular, expression-associated SNPs in ANK3—and both PTSD and externalizing psychopathology using a sample of U.S. military veterans and their intimate partners with a high prevalence of PTSD.
