was demonstrated to be necessary for spermiogenesis by controlling chromatin condensation, resulting in poor sperm quality. Adverse effects of cannabis exposure on the ovary of females have also been found to present a higher risk of infertility due to anovulation (Klonoff-Cohen et al., 2006). The effects of cannabis on the sperm and oocyte epigenome that could potentially lead to multigenerational transmission remain to be explored in different generations to demonstrate true transgenerational effects. Specifically, subsequent studies are required to assess how possible epigenetic processes (e.g. DNA methylation) are involved in the transmission of cannabinoid effects from parent to offspring. Overall, our findings demonstrate that germline THC exposure can impact offspring phenotype and neurobiology in both sexes and could possibly confer enhanced risk for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders that may manifest differentially in the two sexes.
