Obsessive-compulsive disorder was associated with an elevated risk of all substance misuse outcomes compared with individuals without OCD (Table 1), specifically, a 4.5-fold increased risk of alcohol-related disorder (hazard ratio [HR], 4.51 [95% CI, 4.25-4.79]), 6.7-fold increased risk of any drug-related disorder (HR, 6.69 [95% CI, 6.33-7.07]), 1.2-fold increased risk of substance use–related criminal conviction (HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.09-1.41]), and 5.2-fold increased risk of substance use–related death (HR, 5.20 [95% CI, 4.45-6.08]). The risk of sedative- and other drug–related disorders was particularly elevated, with 10.5-fold (HR, 10.53 [95% CI, 9.84-11.28]) and 6.3-fold (HR, 6.32 [95% CI, 5.86-6.81]) increased risks, respectively, compared with individuals without OCD.
