Genotyping procedures can be found in the primary reports for each cohort (summarized in Supplementary Table 3). Individual genotype data for all PGC29 samples, GERA, and iPSYCH were processed using the PGC “ricopili” pipeline (URLs) for standardized quality control, imputation, and analysis19. The cohorts from deCODE, Generation Scotland, UK Biobank, and 23andMeD were processed by the collaborating research teams using comparable procedures. SNPs and insertion-deletion polymorphisms were imputed using the 1000 Genomes Project multi-ancestry reference panel (URLs)86. More detailed information on sample QC is provided in the Supplementary Note.