Examination of mean scores for each of the three trauma measures, as depicted in the lower panel of Table 1, further demonstrates the extent to which there were gender differences in the relationship between trauma and relapse. Female relapsers scored, on average, 20 to 25 points higher on the CTQ-SF and TSC-40 and reported an average of 4 more events evoking fear, helplessness or horror during their lifetimes than women who did not relapse during the study. Inspection of each of the CTQ-SF subscales suggested that the discrepancy in severity of childhood trauma between female relapsers and abstainers was greatest in the case of emotional abuse, physical abuse, and emotional neglect. In contrast, scores on the trauma measures were not appreciably different between male abstainers and relapsers, and in some cases, the relapsers had slightly (but not significantly) lower average scores than the abstainers on these measures.
