< 0.0001), indicating that the majority of neurons signaled the direction of the first light. During the second light epoch, the distribution was significantly shifted in the opposite direction (Fig. 2D; Wilcoxon; n = 97; µ = 0.05; P = 0.003), indicating that the majority of neurons altered firing to accurately represent the direction in which the animal needed to move to obtain a reward. Of the 28 neurons (black bars in Fig. 2D) that significantly encoded direction during the second light epoch (Wilcoxon; P < 0.05), the firing of 21 neurons accurately reflected the response associated with the second light (21 vs. 7; χ2 = 6.90; P = 0.008). Thus, in controls, the majority of single neurons redirected firing after presentation of the second light to accurately represent the behavior necessary to obtain the reward despite initially encoding the direction of the first light. Next, we asked if directional signals in DMS can be similarly resolved in the absence of ACC.
