Nevertheless, the research on personality-targeted interventions remains rather limited, relative to the potential applications of the approach. Despite studies showing that the SURPS personality dimensions are relevant to substance use in patients receiving treatment in general psychiatry, substance use or forensic settings [26, 32, 68, 83], personality-targeted interventions have yet to be tested in clinical settings with substance-dependent adults reporting concurrent mental health problems or with incarcerated individuals at risk of returning to substance use upon release from prison or following sentencing (e.g. for driving under the influence). Similarly, the SURPS dimensions have been shown to be highly relevant to smoking behaviour [30, 84], yet none of the published trials on personality-targeted interventions report smoking outcomes. The SURPS dimensions have also been shown to be implicated in other health behaviours, such as eating, drug injecting, sexual behaviours and risky driving (e.g. [85]), which suggests that the potential benefits of the personality-targeted approach are far reaching and might eventually provide solutions to a number of health problems facing society. Finally, the personality-targeted approach has been applied to the school setting for
