We hypothesised that the heritability of parental negativity and negative life events would be explained via their association with oppositionality, delinquency, physical aggression, depression and anxiety. All of these behavioural phenotypes were positively associated with the environmental measures, consistent with the hypothesis that adolescents with emotional and behavioural difficulties tend to be subject to and/or provoke elevated levels of parental negativity and experience an increased number of negative life events.
