with AUD [53]. Behavioral ‘laboratory’ tasks are highly heritable and promising intermediate phenotypes for “genetic dissection of impulsivity and externalizing spectrum” [54], including PDs. Regarding such tasks, impulsivity in BPD patients has been characterized as choice- and reward-related rather than motor/action impulsivity [55]. The “self-harming impulsivity” criterion (BPD 4) also overlaps with failures to conform to social norms as defined in the first ASPD criterion (Supplement, sections 2.3.2 and 4). Conduct disorder, on the other hand, is associated both with choice-/reward-related impulsivity [56] and with poor motor inhibition [57].
