Alcohol dependence was the largest contributor to ANYDEP, followed by cannabis and cocaine dependence (Table 1). Alcohol and drug dependence were correlated with each other in both EAs and AAs (Supplemental Table S1). However, correlations between dependence on alcohol and individual drugs were higher (r = 0.55 – 0.82) in EA relative to AA (r = 0.33 – 0.77), especially for cannabis dependence (see Supplemental Table S1). A single factor solution fit the lifetime dependence diagnoses data adequately in both EAs and AAs (EA: Comparative Fit Index=0.989, Standardized Root Mean-square Residual=0.046, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.042; AA: Comparative Fit Index=0.978, Standardized Root Mean-square Residual=0.09, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.047) and factor loadings were greater than 0.75, with the exception of cannabis dependence in AA (loading=0.35).