Other phenotypic differences across ancestral groups in this sample were apparent. For instance, while alcohol dependence was the most common contributing diagnosis in EAs (81%, vs. 67% in AAs), cannabis (EA: 42%; AA: 52%) and cocaine dependence (EA: 27%; AA: 44%) were more common in AAs. Across ancestral groups, ANYDEP cases endorsed a similar number of criteria across all substances (i.e., 7 criteria x 6 substances; mean = 10.8, SD = 7.3; beta=0.11, SE=0.24, p=0.66). Among ANYDEP cases, EAs endorsed significantly more alcohol dependence criteria than AAs (EA: mean 4.44, SD 2.09; AA; mean 3.89 SD 2.21; beta=0.45, SE=0.06, p < 0.0001). Conversely, AAs endorsed a greater number of cannabis (AA: mean 2.76, SD 2.29; EA: mean 2.24, SD 2.27; beta=0.41, SE=0.07, p < 0.0001) and cocaine dependence (AA mean 2.82 SD 3.10; EA: mean 1.65, SD: 2.59, beta=1.22, SE=0.09, p < 0.0001) criteria than EAs, and these differences were significant even after accounting for sex and birth cohorts. The heritability of ANYDEP and drug_noalc were 0.60 (standard error (SE) = 0.043) and 0.59 (SE=0.085) respectively, in the EA families.
