Participants reported on their perceptions of parental relationship discord using 5 questions. These items asked participants about the quality of their parents’ marriage/relationship (rated on a 4-point scale, from “poor” to “excellent”) and how much conflict or tension there was in the household (rated on a 4-point scale, from “none” to “a lot”); and 3 yes/no questions: whether their parents usually seemed to enjoy each other; whether their parents often argued or fought in front of them; and whether either of their parents ever hit the other. Participants who reported living in a single-parent household without shared custody were not asked questions about their perceptions of parental relationship discord. Based on prior work showing items loaded onto a single factor,24 a composite measure was calculated by taking the prorated sum of the items for participants who responded to at least 3 of these items (Supplement 1, available online). Participants over 18 years of age were asked to retrospectively report on parental relationship discord between ages 12 and 17 years. We used participants’ reports from their baseline assessment for analyses, with the majority (60.2%) providing concurrent baseline reports.
