In mice, studies of sex specific effects include alcohol preference, which in the C57BL/6 strain has been shown to be nearly entirely controlled by sex-specific effects56,57. Other examples include knocking out the cytochrome P2J5 gene in C57BL/6 mice, and the resulting sex-specific effects on blood pressure and renal phenotypes58, and studies of consomic strains of mice that revealed sex-specific effects of individual chromosomes on fear conditioning59. Similarly, in consomic rat strains, sex–specific effects on phenotypes related to hypertension and kidney disease predominate60.
