shown to be associated with elevated CYP2E1 activity after alcohol consumption (McCarver et al., 1998). For every association found with CYP2E1 variants, a number of studies found no association between the variants and alcohol consumption or risk of alcoholism which could be due to differing phenotype categorization or population allele frequencies (Carr et al., 1996; Itoga et al., 2001; Pastorelli et al., 2001; Plee-Gautier et al., 2001; Vidal et al., 2004).
