Of the 85 lead variants identified in the EUR GWAS, 76 were either directly analyzed or had proxy variants in AFR (Methods, Fig. 1c and Supplementary Table 2), 64 of which had the same direction of effect (sign test P = 1.00 × 10−9). Of these, 23 were nominally associated (P < 0.05) and 6 were significantly associated with AUD after multiple-testing correction (P < 6.58 × 10−4). In LA, 15 of the EUR GWS variants were nominally significant (P < 0.05) and 2 were significantly associated with AUD (rs12048727 and rs1229984). In EAS, five variants were nominally significant and two were significantly associated with AUD (rs1229984 and rs10032906). Only two variants were nominally associated with PAU in SAS (rs1229984 was not present in SAS).
