When adjustments were made for anxiety and depressive disorders, all associations greatly attenuated (Table 1). Most of the associations remained elevated even after adjustment, except for cannabis (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75-1.01]), stimulants (HR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.93-1.22]), and substance-related criminal convictions (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.47-0.62]). A post hoc analysis adjusting for other psychiatric comorbidities attenuated the associations but did not fully explain them, except in substance-related convictions (HR excluding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.67-0.87]; HR excluding bipolar disorder, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.92-1.19]; HR excluding psychotic disorders, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.91-1.18]; HR excluding personality disorders, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.84-1.09]) (eTable 3 in the Supplement).
