Adolescents were asked to report on their relationship with the two people who play major parent roles in their life at home. They were asked to indicate the nature of the relationships for whom they were reporting using a freeform question, “For this part of the interview, I’d like you to tell me the two people who play the major parent roles in your life at home. It could be your biological mother and father, a stepmother or stepfather, or another relative such as grandparents.” Some adolescents indicated non-biological mother (n = 63) or non-biological father (n= 324) as their parental figures. Because our analyses incorporate parental genotypic data from biological parents, adolescent-reported parenting behaviors from non-biological parents as their parental figures were set to missing.
