Notably, we found a striking enrichment of heritability for neurological disorders among ancestry-associated DEGs. For instance, small-vessel and ischemic stroke are 50% more frequent in BAs, and Black men are up to 70% more likely to die from stroke compared to non-Hispanic white men40,41. In this study, we showed heritability for ischemic stroke driven by ancestry-associated DEGs with an increased AA proportion in the DLPFC. Similarly, we observed a nearly twofold enrichment for AD heritability also increased with AA proportion in the DLPFC and hippocampus. This observation echoes the fact that AD is twice as prevalent in BAs42,43. However, general enrichment of DEGs for AD in the caudate nucleus associated with an increase in EA proportion highlights the potential regional complexity of the disorder in the brain as the caudate nucleus is not generally considered a site of AD pathology. Conversely, heritability of PD—more prevalent in non-Hispanic WAs44—showed enrichment among DEGs with an increase in EA proportion. Ancestral DEGs enriched heritability for several immune disorders and traits but not specifically with either ancestry across the brain. It is noteworthy that
