A number of demographic, familial and individual-level risk factors were modeled as covariates in adjusted models. In addition to offspring sex and age at interview (divided into four dummy-variables based on birth quintiles, with the youngest quintile used as the comparison group), we included dummy-variables for offspring self-reported history of 3+ conduct symptoms prior to age 18, 5+ depression symptoms with impairment, suicidality (ideation, plan, or attempt), social phobia (with avoidance or marked distress when not avoided), generalized anxiety symptoms (excessive anxiety/worry with interference in 1+ situation before age 18, or 3+ situations age 18 or older), 2+ sudden-onset panic attacks, any traumatic event(s) prior to age 18 (life-threatening accident, natural disaster witnessing serious injury/death, being physically assaulted, being threatened), childhood physical abuse/neglect, and rape or molestation before age 18. With the exceptions of physical abuse/neglect and suicidality, ages of onset were available for all of the above and they were included as time-varying covariates. Offspring DSM-IV inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder were queried in mother interviews, with two dummy-variables coded to distinguish affected offspring from those with missing
