that religious service attendance during adulthood may be a more robust safeguard against heavy substance use and may reflect innate tendencies toward religious affiliations, relative to childhood attendance that bears a strong familial component45, our findings did not differ significantly when analyses were stratified by age. In addition, since social support (outside of the religious context) has also been identified as an important protective factor against alcohol and other drug use50 and has been shown to diminish genetic risk for other substance use problems13, social and community aspects of religiosity, likely captured by frequency of religious service attendance, may be an important moderator of cannabis use.
