Chunk #19 — Epigenesis: The Developmental Cascade of Risk, Heterogeneity of Developmental Course, and Possible Indirect Genetic Effects on the Disinhibition Pathway — Potential Sources of Indirect Genetic Effect
alcoholic psychopathology is more likely to be sustained (Buu et al., 2007) and where the development of their children's risk is enhanced (Buu et al., 2009). These relationships are all suggestive of substantial gene-environment correlations, that is, genetically influenced individual differences in exposure to risky or protective environments. Moffitt and colleagues (Moffitt, Caspi, & Rutter, 2005) argue that the ideal place to look for G-E interactions is where there is both an environmental main effect and a genetic one. This appears to be the case here, many times over. At the same time, because these interactions are ultimately neurobiological, even though the behavioral risks are statistically correlated does not mean that the interactions are with the same genes, or have sites of action that involve the same neural circuitry. The next section is a beginning effort at specifying what the critical circuitry might be.
