We applied Salmon transcript expression quantification (ver 0.7.2) [53] to infer the gene expression for all samples included in the reference panel and participants in the Mayo, MSBB, DIAN, and Knight-ADRC. We quantified the coding transcripts of Homo sapiens included in the GENCODE reference genome (GRCh37.75). Similarly, we quantified the expression of the mice samples included in the reference panel using the Mus musculus reference genome (mm10).