The Colorado Adjudicated Youth Study includes 179 youth aged 12–18 ascertained from state juvenile justice records and interviewed with the same assessment instruments as the other samples, and is described in more detail in 22. The sample was collected between 2000 and 2007 and was 77% male with a mean age of 16.5 years (S.D. 1.5). Detailed information on a range of variables is available for the entire pool of potential subjects; the participants in our study are not significantly different from the larger pool of adjudicated youth on demographic, behavioral, and substance abuse variables 22.