Chunk #25 — Methods — Causal effect of blood pressure on coronary artery disease risk

Source

Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression.

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Figure A1 displays scatter plots for SBP and DBP separately (available as Supplementary data at IJE online) and equivalent funnel plots are shown in Figure 4. A certain amount of asymmetry indicative of directional pleiotropy is present in them. For example, for SBP, 10 out of the 13 weakest variants have estimates greater than the IVW causal effect estimate.