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Chunk #24 — Methods — Causal effect of blood pressure on coronary artery disease risk

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Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression.
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Ehret et al.32 considered the causal effects of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; both measured in mmHg) on coronary artery disease (CAD) risk using 29 uncorrelated genetic variants. We consider data reported by Ehret et al. on genetic associations with blood pressure in over 200 000 individuals based on combined discovery and follow-up analysis, and data used by Ehret et al. from the CARDIoGRAM consortium on genetic associations with coronary artery disease in up to 22 233 cases and 64 762 controls of European descent (data available online at [www.cardiogramplusc4d.org]).33 The genetic associations with the exposure are corrected for varying minor allele frequencies; the MAF-corrected genetic associations are used in the figures and analyses.