The HapMap data used in our study comprised four populations, namely CEU - U.S. Utah residents with ancestry from Northern and Western Europe, YRI - the Yoruba people of Ibadan, Nigeria, CHB - unrelated individuals from Beijing, China, and JPT - unrelated individuals from Tokyo, Japan. HumanHap300 (v1-0.0) genotypes were downloaded from Illumina iControlDB 1.1.2 (www.illumina.com/pages.ilmn?ID=231), comprising a total of 203 individuals. For the CEU and YRI samples, only parents were used.