The UK Biobank (UKB) is a population-based sample of 502,629 individuals who were recruited from 22 assessment centers across the United Kingdom from 2006–2010 (17). 157,366 individuals completed a mental health questionnaire as part of an online follow-up over a one-year period in 2017. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)(14) was administered to assess alcohol use over the past year, using gating logic (see Supplementary Figure 1). After performing quality control to remove participants with missing data, and keeping only white British unrelated individuals, 121,604 individuals with AUDIT total scores were available. AUDIT total score was created by taking the sum of items 1–10 for all participants, including those who endorsed currently never drinking alcohol (as they could still endorse past alcohol harm on items 9 and 10). We also created AUDIT subdomain scores by aggregating the scores from items 1–3, which include the information pertaining to alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C, N = 121,604), and from items 4–10, which indexes the information pertaining to alcohol problems (AUDIT-P, N = 121,604). These traits were log10 transformed to approximate a normal distribution (Supplementary Figure 2).
