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Chunk #1 — 1.0 Introduction

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Endophenotype best practices.
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One such strategy involves identifying endophenotypes, genetically influenced quantifiable traits that have the potential to carve nature at its joints. Endophenotypes identify those at risk for psychopathology prior to its becoming manifest and can be used to identify etiologically relevant genetic variants. Assumed to be less genetically complex and more proximal to the effects of genes, endophenotypes offer a potentially refined and powerful approach to uncover genetic variants associated with psychopathology. Many thoughtful endophenotype articles populate the literature (for recent examples, see Anokhin, 2014; Beauchaine, 2009; Burton et al., 2015; Campanella, Pogarell, & Boutros, 2014; Euser et al., 2012; Faraone, Bonvicini, & Scassellati, 2014; Ferrarelli, 2013; Glahn et al., 2014; Goldstein & Klein, 2014; W. G. Iacono & Malone, 2011; Lenzenweger, 2013; Loo, Lenartowicz, & Makeig, 2015; Manoach & Agam, 2013; Miller & Rockstroh, 2013; Moses-Kolko, Horner, Phillips, Hipwell, & Swain, 2014; Owens, Bachman, Glahn, & Bearden, 2016; Pearlson, 2015; Rosen, Spellman, & Gordon, 2015; Rubenstein, Wiggins, & Lee, 2015; Salvatore, Gottesman, & Dick, 2015; Swerdlow, Gur, & Braff, 2015), and many of these share a conviction that endophenotypes are