Although the current study yielded novel findings, several limitations merit consideration. The study relied on self-report data and was limited by participants' willingness to respond honestly. However, the reliability and validity of alcohol-related self-report measures are well established (e.g., Ahlström et al., 2001; Del Boca and Noll, 2000; Lintonen et al., 2004). Relatedly, there is evidence that self-perception of “drunkenness” is a reliable construct in adolescence (e.g., Lintonen and Rimpelä, 2001), although variability in subjective intoxication may relate differentially to actual consumption levels. Future studies examining AO of an objectively intoxicating amount of alcohol (≥ 4 drinks in 2 hours for women; ≥ 5 for men) are needed to determine if objectively heavy early drinking is related to later drinking in ways similar to subjective intoxication. Regarding the study sample, the analyses were limited to college students; it remains unclear how the results would generalize across age groups or to comparably aged individuals not enrolled in college. Finally, it is important to note 2 limitations of the assessments of AO and AI. First, reports of AO and AI were retrospective,
