cellular signaling and energy production influencing brain structure, function, growth and development (Lewohl et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2004, 2006; Manzardo et al., 2014; Mayfield et al., 2002; Sokolov et al., 2003). These effects have been correlated with medical and psychiatric co-morbidities such as cirrhotic liver disease, smoking status and/or nutritional deficiency (Liu et al., 2007) and become potential genetic biomarkers for considerations in assessment and treatment development.
