we extracted detailed domain features for six sub-families of cell adhesion molecules, including cadherins, IgCAMs, integrins, neurexins, catenins and neuroligins [230–236]. Using these features and Perl scripts, we identified 218 human genes that encoded 532 proteins based on standardized related InterPro domain architectures and proteins mapped onto these architectures [237]. Fourth, we identified lists of cell adhesion genes for rat and mouse as noted above, and searched for human orthologs using homologene [238]. Finally, we identified 1487 results from searches of Entrez Gene using "adhesion AND Homo sapiens [organism]” [238]. The second through fourth approaches added 136 additional genes, yielding a total of 496 human cell adhesion molecule genes (CYL, QRL and GRU, in preparation).