as well as nicotine dependence. The one exception to this pattern of findings pertained to the association between lifetime marijuana use and current panic attack history. Here, the relation between lifetime marijuana use and current panic attack was not statistically significant when nicotine dependence was included as an additional covariate. This finding is consistent with a prospective test of a marijuana–panic attack association that indicated that tobacco use may account for the observed association between marijuana dependence and the onset of panic attacks (Zvolensky et al., 2008). Overall, the present data indicate that lifetime marijuana use is related to lifetime and some, but not all, forms of current (past-year) panic psychopathology. It is important to note that the observed findings do not appear to be accounted for by a wide variety of variables known to co-occur with both marijuana use and panic psychopathology.
