To avoid confounding the analysis of the relations between the functional variant in each population and AUDIT-C scores, we removed individuals with the ADH1B minor allele that is uncommon in that ancestry group (i.e., 449 EAs with the minor allele of rs2066702 and 1,457 AAs with the minor allele of rs1229984). That is, an AA with the minor allele of rs1229984 could be protected from heavy drinking (as would an EA who is more likely to carry that allele).