The underlying GWAS results used in this analysis were downloaded from publicly available resources listed in Supplementary Data 2. The relevant GTEx gene expression data was obtained from dbGAP using accession phs000424.v6.p1. The GERA study was downloaded from dbGAP using accession number phs000674.v2.p2. WTCCC data was downloaded from WTCCC EGA european genome-phenome archive.