While Gehring & Willoughby [15] explained that the ORN was sensitive to the loss/gain dimension and not to the error/correct dimension, other researchers [16-21] argued that the magnitude of ORN was dependent on the context of a favorable/unfavorable (good/bad) dimension relative to the unchosen alternative outcome indicating whether the subject’s choice was better or worse than the alternative choice. However, in these studies, as both the chosen as well as the alternative outcome stimuli as feedback were simultaneously displayed to the subjects, these studies could not delineate the ‘loss-gain’ dimension or the ‘error-correct’ dimension without them confounding each other. In Nieuwenhuis et al’s [19] study, although the context was made salient based on the background display of color surrounding the numbers and the signs (+ and −) assigned to the numbers, the subjects were simultaneously shown both the chosen and the alternative outcome stimuli and were thus influenced (at least partially) by the relative loss or gain based on the alternative outcomes. In Yeung & Sanfey’s [22] study, although the alternative outcome appeared 1500 ms after the onset of the
