In summary regarding Hypotheses 2-4 (externalizing and internalizing characteristics will relate to both AUDs and SUDs, LR will relate to AUDs only, and the combined diagnosis will relate to the same items that predict the two substance diagnoses alone), externalizing characteristics related to all three diagnostic groups, while LR related only to groups with later AUDs. Overall, the characteristics that related to AUDs alone combined with those that best identified subjects with SUDs alone were associated with the combined diagnoses in Group 1, with few predictors that were uniquely related to Group 1.
