It is notable that detailed data on substance use patterns in 9- and 10- year olds is less frequently reported, as the youngest age US national surveys assess is 12 or 13 years old [e.g., the MTF (Johnston et al., 2017; Institute P.P.R., 2012) begins the assessment in 8th grade (typically 13–14 years old) while the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (Quality C.f.B.H.S.a., 2014) begins at age 12]. Data that are available for youth younger than 12 comes from state assessments (Donovan, 2007), such as the Texas School Survey of Drug and Alcohol Use, which measures substance use in youth attending grades 4–6 (Institute P.P.R., 2012). This survey reports lifetime use for the following drug categories in 4th graders: alcohol (12.7%), nicotine (2.8%), cannabis (0.8%), and inhalants (liquids, sprays and gases that people sniff or inhale to get high) (11.1%) − other drug categories were not assessed. This survey also revealed that a significant portion of 4th graders report that they never heard of cannabis (26.1%), inhalants (16%), nicotine (6%), and alcohol (3.6%). Taken together, data suggests that
