or FEV1/FVC (Table 1, Supplementary Table 3 and Supplementary Figure 1). We report these 43 signals as novel independent signals (Figure 1), almost doubling the number of confirmed independent genomic signals for lung function to 97 (Supplementary Table 4). Of the 43 novel signals, 33 represented novel loci whilst 10 were statistically independent signals (conditional P<5x10-7) within 500kb of another association signal. Based on an assumed heritability of 40%19,20 for each lung function trait, the novel signals explained 4.3% of the heritability of FEV1, 3.2% for FVC and 5.2% for FEV1/FVC bringing the total heritability explained by the 97 signals to 9.6%, 6.4% and 14.3%, respectively. The estimated effect sizes of lung function associated variants in children were correlated with those in adults (r=0.65, 73 variants with high imputation quality, Supplementary Figure 2). A genetic risk score based on these 73 variants, was also significantly associated with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in children, (per risk allele β (s.e.) = -0.0177 (0.0040), P=1.03x10-5 and per risk allele β (s.e.) = -0.0213 (0.0037), P=1.27x10-8, respectively), but not with FVC (per risk allele β (s.e.) = -0.0037 (0.0041), P=0.366).
