For stage 1, genome-wide association analyses of forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC were undertaken in 48,943 individuals from the UK BiLEVE study16 who were selected from the extremes of the lung function distribution in UK Biobank (total n=502,682). From analysis of 27,624,732 variants, 81 independent variants associated with one or more traits with P<5x10-7 were selected for follow-up in stage 2, consisting of a further 95,375 independent individuals from UK Biobank, the SpiroMeta consortium and UK Households Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) (Supplementary Table 1). No evidence of sample overlap between stage 1 and stage 2 studies or between stage 2 studies was identified using LD score regression (Supplementary Table 2). Following meta-analysis of stage 1 and stage 2 results, 43 signals showed genome-wide significant (P<5x10-8) association with one or more of FEV1, FVC or FEV1/FVC (Table 1, Supplementary Table 3 and Supplementary Figure 1). We report these 43 signals as novel independent signals (Figure 1), almost doubling the number of confirmed independent genomic signals for lung function to 97 (Supplementary Table 4). Of
